Endometriosis is a painful condition in women where cells (endometrium) that are similar to those in the lining of the uterus grow outside of the uterus. Physicians classify endometriosis in four stages. These cells may grow in the following areas:
- Fallopian tubes.
- Ligaments around the uterus (uterosacral ligaments).
- Lining of the pelvic cavity.
- Ovaries.
- Outside surface of the uterus.
- Space between the uterus and the rectum or bladder.
Rarely the cells may also grow on and around the:
- Bladder.
- Cervix.
- Intestines.
- Rectum.
- Stomach (abdomen).
- Vagina or vulva".
These tissues then break down and bleed with each menstrual cycle. As it had no exit from the body it became trapped. Cysts and endometriosis may form and surrounding tissue becomes irritated. It will gradually form scar tissue and adhesions (bands of fibrous tissue), which can cause pelvic tissue to stick to each other.
Endometriosis Statistics
Endometriosis affects 10% (190,000) of women worldwide between ages 15 to 44. This includes 6.5 million U.S. women. The prevalence of endometriosis in women with infertility be as high as to 30–50%
Symptoms of Endometriosis
The primary symptom of endometriosis is pain, which is more severe during the menstrual period (dysmenorrhea), and it can be life altering.
- In addition to abdominal pain, it may also occur in lower back.
- Pain during or after intercourse.
- Pain with bowel movements or during urination, primarily during menstrual period.
- Excessive bleeding, occasional heavy menstrual periods or bleeding between periods.
- Infertility.
- You may experience fatigue, diarrhea, constipation, bloating or nausea during menstrual periods.
The severity of the pain may indicate the extent of the condition. It's possible to have severe pain with mild endometriosis or mild pain with advanced endometriosis.
It typically takes eight years to get a diagnosis. This condition is sometimes mistaken for pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), ovarian cysts or irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).
Diagnosis
- A pelvic exam.
- Ultrasound where the transducer device will either pressed against your abdomen or inserted into your vagina.
- MRI for a detailed image.
- Laparoscopy performed by a surgeon with anesthesia and a tiny incision near your navel to insert a slender viewing instrument to look for endometrial tissue outside of the uterus.
Treatments
Your physician will probably start with conservative treatments, but they will depend on the severity of your symptoms. Over-the-counter pain meds like anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) will be tiring first.
The most common options include:
- Oral contraceptives with estrogen and progesterone to control hormones.
- Progestins to stop menstrual periods and endometrial tissue growth.
- Gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist to limit ovarian hormones.
- Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist to stop ovarian hormones.
- Conservative surgery is sometimes necessary.
Things Putting You at Higher Risk
- Several things put you at a higher risk.
- Mother, sister or daughter who has endometriosis.
- Abnormal uterus (doctor would diagnose).
- Early menstruation (before age 11).
- Shorter menstrual periods (less than 27 days on average).
- Heavy menstrual periods lasting more than 7 days.
Some Things Lowering Risk
- Pregnancy and breastfeeding.
- Having first period after age 14.
- Eating fruits, especially citrus fruits.
In Conclusion
Endometriosis can be a very painful and difficult condition. Seeing your gynecologist for routine visits should help with beneficial treatments.
This content is accurate and true to the best of the author’s knowledge and does not substitute for diagnosis, prognosis, treatment, prescription, and/or dietary advice from a licensed health professional. Drugs, supplements, and natural remedies may have dangerous side effects. If pregnant or nursing, consult with a qualified provider on an individual basis. Seek immediate help if you are experiencing a medical emergency.
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